PYRENEAN ISTHMUS AND PERIPHERIA In this blog we are going to try to bring you any kind of useful information that has happened and is happening all along The Pyrenean Isthmus and peripheria, from ocean to ocean and from river to river. We hope you find it useful and enjoyable. And at the same time, we invite you to send us any information related to the subject in any language to be translated into English, by our staff. The address to contact us is: subolospirineos@gmail.com
PYRENEAN ISTHMUS AND PERIPHERIA
2012-03-09
2012-03-08
ARTURO JAIME CAMPION
ARTURO JAIME CAMPION
Writer and politician, born in Pamplona / Iruña in the Pyrenean Isthmus, on May 7, 1854, years later put into practice the laws of the Courts of Madrid, 1837, 1839 and 1841 that removed the Kingdom of Navarre to become province. This weighed heavily on Campion's life until his death in 1937.
At 19 years of age had already studied at the University of Oñate, Gipuzkoa, to continue later in Madrid, earning a degree in law at age 22 in 1876.
At 24, he published his first book Considerations on the issue Carlists in Navarre and Navarre (1876) and became friends with the scientist Antoine d'Abbadie , the writer Captain Duvoisin , linguist Prince Bonaparte , the historian Jean Jaurgain , the philosopher and poet Miguel de Unamuno and other prominent figures of the time. It also appears as an advocate and founder of the "Association of Navarra Euskara" and the initiative is launched from the columns of "La Paz" in Madrid and immediately picked Iturralde y Suit as collaborator.
At 26 published ballad Orreaga , dropped several dialects and sub-dialects for purposes of comparative linguistics (1880).
At 27 he began his first series of Basque stories later was to include in books under the title "Euskariana. Fantasy and Reality" (1881).
At 29, the Essay on the phonetic laws of language Euskara (1883).
At 30, he wrote a large Bascongada Grammar of the four literary dialects of the language Euskara (1884) with 893 p. and a complicated series of inserts of the conjugations of verbs in all treatments.
At 31, did the portrait Victor Hugo (1885).
At 35, he published the novel Don Garcia Almoravid , the subject of strong historic and dramatic (1889).
At 36, the first book in the very important series "Euskariana".
At 38, a new Euskariana , under the heading of "Fantasy and Reality" with his first novel-like productions.
At 39, entered the political arena with his book The Battle girl Mr. Nocedal (1893), this year being named Member of Parliament without being militant to any political party.
At 40, new Euskariana , then he revealed as an investigator who fully entered into the archives of the kingdom.
At 45, his second great novel, drama, Blacks and Whites (1898), which showed the influence of Unamuno's "Complete Works", Vol. VI. At 47, Euskara personality in history, law and literature (1901).
At 50, he acted as president of " Euskaltzaleen Biltzarra "in Irun (1904).
At 51, wrote his third Euskariana based on historical subjects of the country doing research in anthropological-psychological study of the Basque race (1905).
At 53, Political and literary discourses (1907).
At 54, Conference on Basque nationalism in Gernika, printed in 1908.
At 55, the great novel printed in two volumes La Bella Easo (1909).
At 56, published Euskaldun Origins of the People (1910).
At 60, helped in the "Geography of the Basque Country and Navarre" with a major study, Nabarra in his historical life , in which, he changed the course of the historiography of Navarre (1914).
At 63, new Euskariana series "Fantasy and Reality", which are the most valuable literary productions of the author (1918). Named this year's Honorary Chairman of the Society of Basque Studies Congress created in Oñate sponsored by four Basque provinces.
At 64, published an original work of The languages and particularly of the baska as a tool of historical research (1919).
At 66, disclosed in Bilbao magazine "Hermes" the trial Is ugly or beautiful the Basque race? , commenting on the paintings of Basque painters of the time (1920).
At 68, new Euskariana , studies and historical research (1923).
At 72, the first volume of the Origins of euskaldun people .
At 74, is published in the aforementioned book in its historical life Nabarra (1927).
At 77, the second volume of Origins of the People Euskaldun (1931).
At 80, Eleventh Euskariana with first-hand historical research (1934).
At 82, twelfth Euskariana and third volume of Origins of the People Euskaldun , which was to remain unfinished (1936).
He died in 1937, left unpublished a Euskariana on "Language Arts euskaras", another on "History", and finally one called No Euskariana on art criticism and history. It is also known for a novel in progress, The Nun.
Campion was Academic of the Academy of the Basque Language, Correspondent of the Royal Academy of History, Moral and Political Sciences and the Academy of the Spanish Language. He was president for life of the Basque Studies Society and the entity -Esnalea Euskal .
Politically it is not possible to point Campion as a member of any political party but in his youth he felt federal Republican. Soon left his republicanism, with the fall of Castelar and the dissolution of Congress by General Pavia, but staid with his federalism formula that considered compatible with the state statutory law always respected until then. In his own words was left with the essential and the accidental rejects. It was no longer a Republican, nor monarchist, Carlist, fundamentalist, not even Basque nationalist. Was never affiliated to any party. His political activity started from the love of his Campionek Euskal Herriarekiko. He always felt Nabarran , he used to say, "I have always cheered my homeland and I intend to so until my death."
Campion's entire work is in favor of the slogan stamped on his books, " "Euskalerriaren Alde "(Pro Euskalerria). His will never failed. Even without knowing the Basque language, he learnt it His grammar knowledge was very much improved at that time. He had many clashes and violent disputes with the Carlists and even with the Basque nationalists, especially Goiri Arana. At 39 years old, faces in Congress with the minister Gamazo in bold and energetic debate. It was at that time, perhaps the only Christian member of Congress without a political statutory partisanship. He continued working in the task of achieving the restoration of "foralidad" of Navarre based in philological, legal, anthropological, historical, sociological, political, literary criticism and even cultivated musical and art studies.
He was a versatile man and very capable researcher and writer. He always wanted to know the truth and that caused him bitterness and disappointment, but never gave up. Instead, he searched the remedy with redoubled effort and lived in constant anxiety to the course of the increasingly adverse events. Arturo Jaime Campion was a Nabarran with Basque graft blood in his veins.
He began his literary career influenced by Spanish literature, bombastic and declamatory, and gradually evolved towards short phrase and the strong line, sometimes even violent. Some of his compositions are more pieces of jewelry: Gratxina, La Flor de Larralde, Sancho Garces, Yan Pier Bidart, The Bard of Izalzu ... His literary work begins with stories and legends and continues with the historical novel as was fashionable then, but more dramatic and less descriptive, strong, and less romantic than Navarro Villoslada, his countryman.
Historical research was his first order, thorough and objective as well as copious, as each volume of his "euskarianas" contains about 500 pages. This research shaped the literary work then too often. His famous Gossip Column of the history of Nabarre becomes the novel Don Garcia Almoravid and the study of the "Chanson de Roland" by Bedier, in his precious jewel Itzalzu The Bard . His novels Whites and Blacks and La Bella Easo are somewhat harsh realism and naturalistic at times. For this reason he had to support more than one adverse criticism for those passages labeled as somewhat crude for its time. Nothing mattered and he went on his way unperturbed. Sample of this naturalism is, for example his novella A Night in Zugarramurd.
Campion, enthusiastic and tireless, tenacious and very methodical historian, more literate and more generally Basque as their first publications were almost narrowly Navarre the province. "I learned Euskera following an incident in Parliament", he once said. He spoke and wrote in Euskera enough to lead by example. He began by Orreaga , legend Denbora antziñakoen ondo esanak Euskera and translation of Tolstoy's tale entitled ta Malaxka Akulina . There are also cases of letters from him in Euskera.
In Spanish literature he never found no echo because of the statutory emphasis of all his works. Only the Countess of Pardo Bazán and the wayward Unamuno devoted rave, something rather rare in the latter.
Legend Dembora antziñakoen translated it into French-Delbasc Fuché including it in the book "Contes espagnoles." Pedro Mari was translated into German by Mrs. Elsa Otten (two editions) and the novel Blacks and Whites also into German by Karl Voigt, although apparently was never published because of the war.
In recent years, have been translated into Euskera La Flor de Larralde , by Domingo Aguirre, Pedro Mari , by P. Just Mari Mokoroa and several short stories by Dz. Zunzunegui, Zarautz. The Bard of Itzalzu has been staged by Ruiz Anibarro and represented in Buenos Aires, and the adaptation of Garces Sancho became the opera "Zigor" with the teacherEscudero. But Campion's own preference was for his novel La Bella Easo , because in it, he said, "is represented everything I want it to be and do not want it to be, what I love and what I hate: This book is my whole thougt. "
In life he was known as Don Arturo, and was subject of two major tributes and others less important. His bust in bronze, the work of Orduna, presided at the Library of the Society of Basque Studies and the Institute of Julio de Urquijo, Donostia-San Sebastian.
He died in Donostia, in the Pyrenean Isthmus, in August 18th. 1937. . The outbreak of civil war found him blind but fully lucid.
That day, a statement appeared in "El Diario de Navarra" a rumor speculating about Campion's possible participation on the rebel side of the Spanish Civil War...but Bernardo Estornes who knew him and visited him in those dark days denied it. This is the story of Estornés in his memoirs ( Memories. Memories and adventures of a century , Auñamendi, Donostia, No. 143-144 (1996), 163-165):
Writer and politician, born in Pamplona / Iruña in the Pyrenean Isthmus, on May 7, 1854, years later put into practice the laws of the Courts of Madrid, 1837, 1839 and 1841 that removed the Kingdom of Navarre to become province. This weighed heavily on Campion's life until his death in 1937.
At 19 years of age had already studied at the University of Oñate, Gipuzkoa, to continue later in Madrid, earning a degree in law at age 22 in 1876.
At 26 published ballad Orreaga , dropped several dialects and sub-dialects for purposes of comparative linguistics (1880).
At 27 he began his first series of Basque stories later was to include in books under the title "Euskariana. Fantasy and Reality" (1881).
At 29, the Essay on the phonetic laws of language Euskara (1883).
At 30, he wrote a large Bascongada Grammar of the four literary dialects of the language Euskara (1884) with 893 p. and a complicated series of inserts of the conjugations of verbs in all treatments.
At 31, did the portrait Victor Hugo (1885).
At 35, he published the novel Don Garcia Almoravid , the subject of strong historic and dramatic (1889).
At 36, the first book in the very important series "Euskariana".
At 38, a new Euskariana , under the heading of "Fantasy and Reality" with his first novel-like productions.
At 39, entered the political arena with his book The Battle girl Mr. Nocedal (1893), this year being named Member of Parliament without being militant to any political party.
At 40, new Euskariana , then he revealed as an investigator who fully entered into the archives of the kingdom.
At 45, his second great novel, drama, Blacks and Whites (1898), which showed the influence of Unamuno's "Complete Works", Vol. VI. At 47, Euskara personality in history, law and literature (1901).
At 50, he acted as president of " Euskaltzaleen Biltzarra "in Irun (1904).
At 53, Political and literary discourses (1907).
At 54, Conference on Basque nationalism in Gernika, printed in 1908.
At 55, the great novel printed in two volumes La Bella Easo (1909).
At 56, published Euskaldun Origins of the People (1910).
At 60, helped in the "Geography of the Basque Country and Navarre" with a major study, Nabarra in his historical life , in which, he changed the course of the historiography of Navarre (1914).
At 63, new Euskariana series "Fantasy and Reality", which are the most valuable literary productions of the author (1918). Named this year's Honorary Chairman of the Society of Basque Studies Congress created in Oñate sponsored by four Basque provinces.
At 64, published an original work of The languages and particularly of the baska as a tool of historical research (1919).
At 66, disclosed in Bilbao magazine "Hermes" the trial Is ugly or beautiful the Basque race? , commenting on the paintings of Basque painters of the time (1920).
At 68, new Euskariana , studies and historical research (1923).
At 72, the first volume of the Origins of euskaldun people .
At 74, is published in the aforementioned book in its historical life Nabarra (1927).
At 77, the second volume of Origins of the People Euskaldun (1931).
At 80, Eleventh Euskariana with first-hand historical research (1934).
At 82, twelfth Euskariana and third volume of Origins of the People Euskaldun , which was to remain unfinished (1936).
He died in 1937, left unpublished a Euskariana on "Language Arts euskaras", another on "History", and finally one called No Euskariana on art criticism and history. It is also known for a novel in progress, The Nun.
Campion was Academic of the Academy of the Basque Language, Correspondent of the Royal Academy of History, Moral and Political Sciences and the Academy of the Spanish Language. He was president for life of the Basque Studies Society and the entity -Esnalea Euskal .
Politically it is not possible to point Campion as a member of any political party but in his youth he felt federal Republican. Soon left his republicanism, with the fall of Castelar and the dissolution of Congress by General Pavia, but staid with his federalism formula that considered compatible with the state statutory law always respected until then. In his own words was left with the essential and the accidental rejects. It was no longer a Republican, nor monarchist, Carlist, fundamentalist, not even Basque nationalist. Was never affiliated to any party. His political activity started from the love of his Campionek Euskal Herriarekiko. He always felt Nabarran , he used to say, "I have always cheered my homeland and I intend to so until my death."
Campion's entire work is in favor of the slogan stamped on his books, " "Euskalerriaren Alde "(Pro Euskalerria). His will never failed. Even without knowing the Basque language, he learnt it His grammar knowledge was very much improved at that time. He had many clashes and violent disputes with the Carlists and even with the Basque nationalists, especially Goiri Arana. At 39 years old, faces in Congress with the minister Gamazo in bold and energetic debate. It was at that time, perhaps the only Christian member of Congress without a political statutory partisanship. He continued working in the task of achieving the restoration of "foralidad" of Navarre based in philological, legal, anthropological, historical, sociological, political, literary criticism and even cultivated musical and art studies.
He was a versatile man and very capable researcher and writer. He always wanted to know the truth and that caused him bitterness and disappointment, but never gave up. Instead, he searched the remedy with redoubled effort and lived in constant anxiety to the course of the increasingly adverse events. Arturo Jaime Campion was a Nabarran with Basque graft blood in his veins.
He began his literary career influenced by Spanish literature, bombastic and declamatory, and gradually evolved towards short phrase and the strong line, sometimes even violent. Some of his compositions are more pieces of jewelry: Gratxina, La Flor de Larralde, Sancho Garces, Yan Pier Bidart, The Bard of Izalzu ... His literary work begins with stories and legends and continues with the historical novel as was fashionable then, but more dramatic and less descriptive, strong, and less romantic than Navarro Villoslada, his countryman.
Historical research was his first order, thorough and objective as well as copious, as each volume of his "euskarianas" contains about 500 pages. This research shaped the literary work then too often. His famous Gossip Column of the history of Nabarre becomes the novel Don Garcia Almoravid and the study of the "Chanson de Roland" by Bedier, in his precious jewel Itzalzu The Bard . His novels Whites and Blacks and La Bella Easo are somewhat harsh realism and naturalistic at times. For this reason he had to support more than one adverse criticism for those passages labeled as somewhat crude for its time. Nothing mattered and he went on his way unperturbed. Sample of this naturalism is, for example his novella A Night in Zugarramurd.
Campion, enthusiastic and tireless, tenacious and very methodical historian, more literate and more generally Basque as their first publications were almost narrowly Navarre the province. "I learned Euskera following an incident in Parliament", he once said. He spoke and wrote in Euskera enough to lead by example. He began by Orreaga , legend Denbora antziñakoen ondo esanak Euskera and translation of Tolstoy's tale entitled ta Malaxka Akulina . There are also cases of letters from him in Euskera.
In Spanish literature he never found no echo because of the statutory emphasis of all his works. Only the Countess of Pardo Bazán and the wayward Unamuno devoted rave, something rather rare in the latter.
Legend Dembora antziñakoen translated it into French-Delbasc Fuché including it in the book "Contes espagnoles." Pedro Mari was translated into German by Mrs. Elsa Otten (two editions) and the novel Blacks and Whites also into German by Karl Voigt, although apparently was never published because of the war.
In recent years, have been translated into Euskera La Flor de Larralde , by Domingo Aguirre, Pedro Mari , by P. Just Mari Mokoroa and several short stories by Dz. Zunzunegui, Zarautz. The Bard of Itzalzu has been staged by Ruiz Anibarro and represented in Buenos Aires, and the adaptation of Garces Sancho became the opera "Zigor" with the teacherEscudero. But Campion's own preference was for his novel La Bella Easo , because in it, he said, "is represented everything I want it to be and do not want it to be, what I love and what I hate: This book is my whole thougt. "
In life he was known as Don Arturo, and was subject of two major tributes and others less important. His bust in bronze, the work of Orduna, presided at the Library of the Society of Basque Studies and the Institute of Julio de Urquijo, Donostia-San Sebastian.
He died in Donostia, in the Pyrenean Isthmus, in August 18th. 1937. . The outbreak of civil war found him blind but fully lucid.
That day, a statement appeared in "El Diario de Navarra" a rumor speculating about Campion's possible participation on the rebel side of the Spanish Civil War...but Bernardo Estornes who knew him and visited him in those dark days denied it. This is the story of Estornés in his memoirs ( Memories. Memories and adventures of a century , Auñamendi, Donostia, No. 143-144 (1996), 163-165):
IN MEMORY AND IN HONOR OF ARTHUR DON CAMPION.
"Following the last war have been attributed to Don Arturo Campion attitudes strongly disagree with his long life of militant Basque. Among them stands out for its importance to the letter dated 14 September 1936 received the Diario de Navarra. Reads :
Donostia, September 14, 1936.
I have the pleasure to record that, freed the city of Red tyranny, let me say, while my most energetic protest by the unqualified come from Basque nationalism, my unwavering commitment to the National Board of Burgos. Arturo Campion.
But it so happens that, days before the date of this letter, the day after the occupation of the city by Franco, a relative of Campion called me by phone to discuss an urgent matter. I then found myself in Zarauz and immediately went to Donostia in person to the home of Don Arturo. On the way I heard some shots. I went across the railroad tracks and headed towards the famous village "Enea Emilia" in Ategorrieta. Leaving in the window an ikurriña waving, which meant in those tragic moments, to some extent, a certain security.
I received the widow of Vila, a soldier who had been murdered in the street with his minor child. A horrendous crime. Had surrendered the headquarters of Loyola, to be among the surrendered two nephews of Mr. Arthur if I remember correctly. Their lives were in danger and had to do something for them. Presumably a painful picture. The widow, distraught, crying, held and maintained that her husband had never been involved in anything. They accused him of having caught firing from a window or roof. The other person present there was Don Arturo, blind for several years, destroyed health, diabetes, cracked voice, and, above all, almost centennial.
He repeated words and harsh sentencing for rebellion. I listened in awe. The lifetime Campion lucid, energetic, struggling in an uncontrollable anxiety. For Campion loved dearly his nephews to whom he dedicated, in its day, some of the most pressing literary compositions. Don Arthur was a widower for many years and had no children. So, their families were their closest relatives.
I do not know what would have happened that September 14 de1936, but I can imagine. It was the height of the violence and they were not going to stop in small minutiae. The fight propaganda played its climax. I do not prejudge anything about that statement. Allow me, however, some comments.
First, the rush to write this note the day after the occupation of the city.
Second, the nature of it and his writing, which is unusual prose of Don Arturo.
"I have the pleasure" to leave proof. Yes, Arturo took great pleasure. "Liberated" the city. "Red Tyranny." "My strongest protest." "Unspeakable act". And above all, 'Accession unwavering, "the National Board of Burgos." It just does not prove anything, that writing was indeed a hoax, nothing else.
"Following the last war have been attributed to Don Arturo Campion attitudes strongly disagree with his long life of militant Basque. Among them stands out for its importance to the letter dated 14 September 1936 received the Diario de Navarra. Reads :
Donostia, September 14, 1936.
I have the pleasure to record that, freed the city of Red tyranny, let me say, while my most energetic protest by the unqualified come from Basque nationalism, my unwavering commitment to the National Board of Burgos. Arturo Campion.
But it so happens that, days before the date of this letter, the day after the occupation of the city by Franco, a relative of Campion called me by phone to discuss an urgent matter. I then found myself in Zarauz and immediately went to Donostia in person to the home of Don Arturo. On the way I heard some shots. I went across the railroad tracks and headed towards the famous village "Enea Emilia" in Ategorrieta. Leaving in the window an ikurriña waving, which meant in those tragic moments, to some extent, a certain security.
I received the widow of Vila, a soldier who had been murdered in the street with his minor child. A horrendous crime. Had surrendered the headquarters of Loyola, to be among the surrendered two nephews of Mr. Arthur if I remember correctly. Their lives were in danger and had to do something for them. Presumably a painful picture. The widow, distraught, crying, held and maintained that her husband had never been involved in anything. They accused him of having caught firing from a window or roof. The other person present there was Don Arturo, blind for several years, destroyed health, diabetes, cracked voice, and, above all, almost centennial.
He repeated words and harsh sentencing for rebellion. I listened in awe. The lifetime Campion lucid, energetic, struggling in an uncontrollable anxiety. For Campion loved dearly his nephews to whom he dedicated, in its day, some of the most pressing literary compositions. Don Arthur was a widower for many years and had no children. So, their families were their closest relatives.
I do not know what would have happened that September 14 de1936, but I can imagine. It was the height of the violence and they were not going to stop in small minutiae. The fight propaganda played its climax. I do not prejudge anything about that statement. Allow me, however, some comments.
First, the rush to write this note the day after the occupation of the city.
Second, the nature of it and his writing, which is unusual prose of Don Arturo.
"I have the pleasure" to leave proof. Yes, Arturo took great pleasure. "Liberated" the city. "Red Tyranny." "My strongest protest." "Unspeakable act". And above all, 'Accession unwavering, "the National Board of Burgos." It just does not prove anything, that writing was indeed a hoax, nothing else.
2012-03-07
HOW DID OUR FOOTBALL TEAMS FARE IN THE EIGHTS FINALS OF THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE?
BARCELONA won in Germany against the Bayern Leverkusen its first of two games 1-3. And also won at home 7-1. Therefore, BARCELONA becomes a quarter finalist in the Champions League.
2012-03-06
STANDINGS PYRENALLIGA I. MEN. FOOTBALL SOCCER.
STANDINGS......................G.......W.......D.......L.......GF.......GA..........POINTS
1....BARCELONA.................25.......17.......6.......2........73.......19..............70
2...VALENCIA......................25.......12.......7.......6........38.......29..............53
3....MONTPELHIER..............26.......16.......6.......4........49.......26..............51
4....ATHLETIC.....................25.........9.......10......6........41.......32..............47
5....OSASUNA.....................25.........8......11.......6........29.......39..............44
6....TOLOSA........................26.......12........7.......7........28.......23..............41
7....LEVANTE......................25........11........5.......9........37.......36..............40
8..MALLORCA.....................25.........7........8......10........24.......30..............40
9......ESPANYOL.................25.........9........6......10........27.......34..............39
10....GIRONDINS.................26.........9........9.......8........31.......30..............35
2...VALENCIA......................25.......12.......7.......6........38.......29..............53
3....MONTPELHIER..............26.......16.......6.......4........49.......26..............51
4....ATHLETIC.....................25.........9.......10......6........41.......32..............47
5....OSASUNA.....................25.........8......11.......6........29.......39..............44
6....TOLOSA........................26.......12........7.......7........28.......23..............41
7....LEVANTE......................25........11........5.......9........37.......36..............40
8..MALLORCA.....................25.........7........8......10........24.......30..............40
9......ESPANYOL.................25.........9........6......10........27.......34..............39
10....GIRONDINS.................26.........9........9.......8........31.......30..............35
11...RACING........................25..........4......12.......9........21.......33..............34
12....ERREALA....................25.........8........6......11........26.......35..............33
13....VILLARREAL................25.........6........9......10........26.......38..............29
12....ERREALA....................25.........8........6......11........26.......35..............33
13....VILLARREAL................25.........6........9......10........26.......38..............29
14...SARAGOSSA................25.........4........6......15........21.......46..............27
STANDINGS PYRENELLIGA 2011-2012. WOMEN.
STANDINGS.................................G.....W.....D.....L.....GF.....GA.....POINTS
1...BARCELONA..........................23.....21.....1......1.......83.......15........83
2...ATHLETIC...............................23.....19.....3......1.......73......16........79
3...ESPANYOL.............................23.....16.....4......3.......78......21........64
4...LEVANTE................................23.....13.....6......4.......40......22........58
5...ERREALA................................23.....12.....4......7.......38......28........47
6...PRAINSA ZARAGOZA..............23......9......4....10.......51......51........38
7...SANT GABRIEL........................23......9.....4.....10.......43......38........36
8...MONTPELHIER........................16.....11......3......2.......48......11........34
5...ERREALA................................23.....12.....4......7.......38......28........47
6...PRAINSA ZARAGOZA..............23......9......4....10.......51......51........38
7...SANT GABRIEL........................23......9.....4.....10.......43......38........36
8...MONTPELHIER........................16.....11......3......2.......48......11........34
9....COLLERENSE.........................23......7......3.....13......40......67........30
10..L'ESTARTIT.............................23......5......5.....13.......29......47........28
11...LAGUNAK...............................23......5......4.....14......21......48........23
10..L'ESTARTIT.............................23......5......5.....13.......29......47........28
11...LAGUNAK...............................23......5......4.....14......21......48........23
12..RODES....................................14......5......2......7.......19......23........19
13..VALENCIA...............................23......5......1.....17.......24......63........18
14..REOCIN RACING.....................23......2......1.....20.......25......85..........9
15..MURETH.................................15......1......2.....12........11......51..........6
STANDINGS PYRENALLIGA II. MEN. FOOTBALL SOCCER.
STANDINGS...........................G......W......D......L.....GF.......GA.......POINTS
1..ELS.................................27.......14......4......9......42..........28...........55
2..HERCULES......................27.......15......3......9......30..........22...........54
3..NUMANTIA.......................27......10.....10......7......35..........27...........46
4..CLARMONT FOOT............25.......12......7......6......30..........20...........45
5..SABADELL.......................27........9.......8....10......31..........42...........40
6..BARCELONA ATHLETIC....27........9......8.....10......41..........33...........39
7..ISTRES............................26.......10......6.....10......38..........33...........37
8..VILLARREAL B.................27.........7......8.....12......36..........45...........34
9..HUESCA...........................27.........6......8.....13......29..........41...........31
10..GIMNASTIC....................27.........3......9.....15......19..........36...........27
11..ARLE-AVINHON...............25.........6......9.....10......24..........38...........26
12...GIRONA.........................27.........4......8.....15......27..........45...........26
1..ELS.................................27.......14......4......9......42..........28...........55
2..HERCULES......................27.......15......3......9......30..........22...........54
3..NUMANTIA.......................27......10.....10......7......35..........27...........46
4..CLARMONT FOOT............25.......12......7......6......30..........20...........45
5..SABADELL.......................27........9.......8....10......31..........42...........40
6..BARCELONA ATHLETIC....27........9......8.....10......41..........33...........39
7..ISTRES............................26.......10......6.....10......38..........33...........37
8..VILLARREAL B.................27.........7......8.....12......36..........45...........34
9..HUESCA...........................27.........6......8.....13......29..........41...........31
10..GIMNASTIC....................27.........3......9.....15......19..........36...........27
11..ARLE-AVINHON...............25.........6......9.....10......24..........38...........26
12...GIRONA.........................27.........4......8.....15......27..........45...........26
HOW ARE OUR RUGBY TEAMS DOING IN THE TOP 14. MEN.
STANDINGS........................G.......W.......D........L........PF.........PA.........POINTS
1...TOLOSA..........................19......15........1........3.......474........301..............69
2...CLARMONT.....................19.......14........2........3.......449........244..............65
3...Tolon...............................19........11........3........5.......426........263..............56
4...CASTRAS.......................19........10........3........6.......385........350..............50
5...MONTPELHIER...............19........10........1........8.......416.........364.............48
6...Racing-Metro 92...............19.........9........1........9.......406.........398.............45
7...AGEN..............................19........10........1........8.......342........352..............44
8...StadeFrancais..................19.........8........2........9.......395.........429.............42
9...BORDEU..........................19........8........0.......11.......340.........459.............37
10...Briva...............................19........6........1.......12.......308.........284.............37
11..PERPINYA......................19.........6........1.......12.......304.........414.............32
12..BAIONA...........................19........5........3.......11.......321.........444.............30
13..MIARRITZE......................19........5........2.......12.......276.........413.............30
14..Lyon OU...........................19........4........3.......12.......251.........378.............26
1...TOLOSA..........................19......15........1........3.......474........301..............69
2...CLARMONT.....................19.......14........2........3.......449........244..............65
3...Tolon...............................19........11........3........5.......426........263..............56
4...CASTRAS.......................19........10........3........6.......385........350..............50
5...MONTPELHIER...............19........10........1........8.......416.........364.............48
6...Racing-Metro 92...............19.........9........1........9.......406.........398.............45
7...AGEN..............................19........10........1........8.......342........352..............44
8...StadeFrancais..................19.........8........2........9.......395.........429.............42
9...BORDEU..........................19........8........0.......11.......340.........459.............37
10...Briva...............................19........6........1.......12.......308.........284.............37
11..PERPINYA......................19.........6........1.......12.......304.........414.............32
12..BAIONA...........................19........5........3.......11.......321.........444.............30
13..MIARRITZE......................19........5........2.......12.......276.........413.............30
14..Lyon OU...........................19........4........3.......12.......251.........378.............26
2012-03-04
BERNADETTE SOUBIRONS
Early stages in her life
Bernadette (the sobriquet by which she was universally known) was the daughter of François Soubirous (1807–1871), a miller, and his wife Louise (née Castérot) (1825–1866), a laundress, and was the eldest of five children who survived infancy. Louise actually gave birth to nine children—Bernadette, Jean (born and died 1845), Toinette (1846–1892), Jean-Marie (1848–1851), Jean-Marie (1851–1919), Justin (1855–1865), Pierre (1859–1931), Jean (born and died 1864), and a baby girl named Louise who died soon after her birth 1866). Bernadette was born on 7 January 1844, and baptized at the local parish church, St. Pierre's, on 9 January, her parents' wedding anniversary. Bernadette's godmother was Bernarde Casterot, her mother's sister, a moderately well-off widow who owned a tavern. Hard times had fallen on the Pyrenean isthmus and the family lived in extreme poverty. According to one source neighbours reported that the family lived in unusual harmony, apparently relying on their love and support for one another and their religious devotion. Bernadette contracted cholera as a toddler and suffered severe asthma for the rest of her life.Visions
By the time of the events at the grotto, her family's financial and social status had declined to the point where they lived in a one-room basement, called le cachot, "the dungeon," where they were housed for free by her mother's cousin, Andre Sajoux. On 11 February 1858, Bernadette, then aged 14, was out gathering firewood and bones with her sister Marie and a friend at the grotto of Massabielle outside Lourdes, and had her first vision. As she recounted later, while the other girls crossed the little stream in front of the grotto and walked on, Bernadette stayed behind, looking for a place to cross where she wouldn't get her stockings wet. She finally sat down in the grotto to take her shoes off in order to cross the water, and was lowering her first stocking when she heard the sound of rushing wind, but nothing moved. A wild rose in a natural niche in the grotto, however, did move; from the niche, or rather the dark alcove behind it, "came a dazzling light, and a white figure." This was the first of 18 visions of what she referred to as aquero (pronounced [aˈk(e)ɾɔ]), Gascon Occitan for "that". In later testimony, she called it "a small young lady" (uo petito damizelo). Her sister and her friend stated that they had seen nothing.
On 14 February, after Sunday mass, Bernadette, with her sister Marie and some other girls, returned to the grotto. Bernadette knelt down immediately, saying she saw aquero again and falling into a trance. When one of the girls threw holy water at the niche, and another threw a rock from above that shattered on the ground, the apparition disappeared. Bernadette fell into a state of shock, and the girl who had thrown the rock actually thought she had killed her. On her next visit, 18 February, she said that "the vision" asked her to return to the grotto every day for a fortnight.This period of almost daily visions came to be known as la Quinzaine sacrée, "holy fortnight." Initially, her parents, and especially her mother, were embarrassed and tried to forbid her to go; the local police commissioner called her into his office and threatened to arrest her, as did the district attorney, but since there was no evidence of fraud there was little they could do. The girl herself remained stubbornly calm and consistent during her interrogations, never changing her story or her attitude, and never claiming knowledge beyond what she said the vision told her. The supposed apparition did not identify herself until the seventeenth vision, although the townspeople who believed she was telling the truth assumed she saw the Virgin Mary. Bernadette never claimed it to be Mary, consistently using the word aquero. She described the lady as wearing a white veil, a blue girdle, and with a yellow rose on each foot — compatible with "a description of any statue of the Virgin in a village church".
Bernadette's story caused a sensation with the townspeople, who were divided in their opinions on whether or not Bernadette was telling the truth. Some believed her to have a mental illness, and demanded she be put in an asylum. She soon had a large number of people following her on her daily journey, some out of curiosity and others who firmly believed that they were witnessing a miracle.
At the thirteenth of the alleged apparitions, on 2 March, Bernadette told her family that the lady had said "Please go to the priests and tell them that a chapel is to be built here. Let processions come hither." Accompanied by two of her aunts, Bernadette duly went to parish priest Father Dominique Peyramale with the request. A brilliant but often roughspoken man with little belief in claims of visions and miracles, Peyramale told Bernadette that the lady must identify herself. Bernadette said that on her next visitation she repeated the priest's words to the lady, but that the lady bowed a little, smiled, and said nothing. Then Father Peyramale told Bernadette to prove that the lady was real (that is, objectively) by asking her to perform a miracle. He requested that she make the rose bush beneath the niche where she appeared to Bernadette bud and flower on the last week of February.
As Bernadette later reported to her family and to church and civil investigators, at the ninth visitation the lady told Bernadette to drink from the spring that flowed under the rock, and eat the plants that grew freely there. Although there was no known spring, and the ground was muddy, Bernadette saw the lady pointing with her finger to the spot, and said later she assumed the lady meant that the spring was underground. She did as she was told by first digging a muddy patch with her bare hands and then attempting to drink the brackish drops. She tried three times, failing each time. On the fourth try, the droplets were clearer and she drank them. She then ate some of the plants. When finally she turned to the crowd, her face was smeared with mud and no spring had been revealed. Understandably, this caused much skepticism among onlookers who shouted, "She's a fraud!" or "She's insane!" while embarrassed relatives wiped the adolescent's face clean with a handkerchief. In the next few days, however, a spring apparently began to flow from the muddy patch first dug by Bernadette. Some devout people followed her example by drinking and washing in the water, which was soon reported to have healing properties.
In the 150 years since Bernadette dug up the spring, 67 cures have been verified by the Lourdes Medical Bureau as "inexplicable", but only after what the Church claims are "extremely rigorous scientific and medical examinations" that failed to find any other explanation. The Lourdes Commission that examined Bernadette after the visions also ran an intensive analysis on the water and found that, while it had a high mineral content, it contained nothing out of the ordinary that would account for the cures attributed to it. Bernadette herself said that it was faith and prayer that cured the sick.
Her 16th claimed vision, which she stated went on for over an hour, was on 25 March. During this vision, the second of two "miracles of the candle" is reported to have occurred. Bernadette was holding a lighted candle; during the vision it burned down, and the flame was said to be in direct contact with her skin for over fifteen minutes, but she apparently showed no sign of experiencing any pain or injury. This was said to be witnessed by many people present, including the town physician, Dr. Pierre Romaine Dozous, who timed and later documented it. According to his report, there was no sign that her skin was in any way affected, so he monitored Bernadette closely but did not intervene. After her "vision" ended, the doctor said that he examined her hand but found no evidence of any burning, and that she was completely unaware of what had been happening. The doctor then said that he briefly applied a lighted candle to her hand, and she reacted immediately. It is unclear if observers other than Dozous were sufficiently close to witness if the candle was continuously in contact with Bernadette’s skin.
According to Bernadette's account, during that same visitation that she claimed, she again asked the woman her name but the lady just smiled back. She repeated the question three more times and finally heard the lady say, in Gascon Occitan, "I am the Immaculate Conception" (Qué soï era immaculado councepcioũ, a phonetic transcription of Que soi era immaculada concepcion).
Results of her visions
Among the reported visions of Jesus and Mary, the impact of her visions can be viewed as being proportionally of a high level of significance.Her request to the local priest to build a chapel at the site of her visions eventually gave rise to a number of chapels and churches at Lourdes. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes is now one of the major Catholic pilgrimage sites in the world. One of the churches built at the site, the Basilica of St. Pius X, can itself accommodate 25,000 people and was dedicated by the future Pope John XXII.
Later years
Disliking the attention she was attracting, Bernadette went to the hospice school run by the Sisters of Charity of Nevers, where she finally learned to read and write. She then joined the Sisters at their motherhouse at Nevers at the age of 22. She spent the rest of her brief life there, working as an assistant in the infirmary and later as a sacristan, creating beautiful embroidery for altar cloths and vestments. She later contracted tuberculosis of the bone in the right knee. She had followed the development of Lourdes as a pilgrimage shrine while she still lived at Lourdes, but was not present for the consecration of the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception there in 1876. She eventually died of her long-term illness at the age of 35 on 16 April 1879, and her body is laid to rest in the Saint Gildard Convent.Sainthood
Bernadette Soubirous was declared venerable by Pope Pius X.She was declared "Blessed" on June 2, 1925, by Pope Pius XI.
She was officially canonized a Saint by Pope Pius XI on December 8, 1933.
The year 2009 was declared "The Year of Bernadette".
Exhumations
Bishop Gauthey of Nevers and the Church exhumed the body of Bernadette Soubirous on 22 September 1909, in the presence of representatives appointed by the postulators of the cause, two doctors, and a sister of the community. They claimed that although the crucifix in her hand and the rosary had both oxidized, her body appeared "incorrupt" — preserved from decomposition. This was cited as one of the miracles to support her canonization. They washed and reclothed her body before burial in a new double casket. The Church exhumed the corpse a second time on 3 April 1919. A doctor who examined the body noted, "The body is practically mummified, covered with patches of mildew and quite a notable layer of salts, which appear to be calcium salts. ... The skin has disappeared in some places, but it is still present on most parts of the body."
In 1925, the church exhumed the body for a third time. They took relics, which were sent to Rome.
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